Prescription Required 
Formulation : 
Description
Indications
The combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir is employed either independently or in conjunction with other medications to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.. Efavirenz belongs to the class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), while emtricitabine and tenofovir fall under the category of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Their mechanism of action involves reducing the quantity of HIV in the body.
Although efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir do not provide a cure for HIV, they have the potential to diminish the likelihood of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV-related ailments, such as severe infections or cancer. When used in conjunction with safer sex practices and other lifestyle adjustments, these medications may contribute to lowering the risk of acquiring or transmitting the HIV virus to other individuals.
Uses and Dosage
Take this medication orally on an empty stomach as per your doctor’s instructions, usually once daily at bedtime.
Administering the medication at bedtime can help minimize certain side effects.
Since this combination product contains fixed doses of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir, it should only be used if your doctor has determined that the prescribed doses of all three medications are appropriate for you.
Consistently adhere to the prescribed regimen of this medication (as well as other HIV medications) as directed by your doctor. Do not skip any doses, increase your dosage, take the drug more frequently than instructed, or discontinue it (or other HIV medicines) even briefly unless specifically directed by your doctor. Deviating from the prescribed dosage without your doctor’s approval may lead to an increase in the viral load, make the infection more challenging to treat (resistant), or exacerbate side effects.
For optimal effectiveness, take this medication at evenly spaced intervals. To aid in remembrance, take the medication at the same time every day.
Side Effects
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention:
- headache
- diarrhea
- gas
- indigestion
- darkening of skin color, especially on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet
- pale skin
- difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- confusion
- forgetfulness
- feeling agitated, worried, or nervous
- abnormally happy mood
- unusual dreams
- joint or back pain
- itching
Inform your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any serious side effects:
- decreased urination
- urinating large amounts
- increased thirst
- ongoing or worsening bone pain
- bone fractures
- pain in the in the arms, hands, feet, or legs
- muscle pain or weakness
- rash
- peeling, blistering, or shedding skin
- numbness, burning, or tingling in the hands, arms, feet, or legs
- swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, legs, ankles, or feet
- difficulty swallowing or breathing
- hoarseness
- seizures
- flu-like symptoms
- nausea
- vomiting
- extreme tiredness
Caution
- Before taking efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir, inform your doctor or pharmacist about any allergies you may have to the ingredients or other substances. Inactive ingredients in the product may trigger allergic reactions or other issues.
- Provide your medical history, especially regarding kidney problems, liver problems, mental/mood conditions, substance or alcohol abuse, seizures, high cholesterol/triglyceride levels, and bone problems, or pancreas-related conditions like pancreatitis.
- Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir may lead to a heart rhythm condition (QT prolongation), which can rarely cause serious or fatal fast/irregular heartbeat and other symptoms requiring immediate medical attention, such as severe dizziness or fainting.
- The risk of QT prolongation may increase with certain medical conditions or the use of drugs causing QT prolongation.
- Inform your doctor of all medications you take and disclose if you have specific heart problems, a family history of certain heart issues, or low levels of potassium or magnesium in the blood. Conditions like severe sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting, as well as the use of certain drugs (such as diuretics), may also elevate the risk of QT prolongation. Discuss the safe use of efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir with your doctor.
- This medication may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or difficulty concentrating. Alcohol or marijuana can intensify these effects. Avoid driving, operating machinery, or engaging in activities that require alertness until you can do so safely.
- Children taking this medication may experience a more common and serious rash. Report any rash promptly, and the doctor may prescribe an antihistamine for your child to take before starting this medication. Consult your doctor for more information.
- Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug.
- During pregnancy, use this medication only when necessary. Treatment can reduce the risk of passing HIV to your baby, and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir may be a part of that treatment. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.
- This medication passes into breast milk, and as breast milk may transmit HIV, consult your doctor before breastfeeding.
Form and Strength
Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir is available in the following forms and strengths:
- efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir tablet:
- 600 / 200 / 300 mg
FAQ
What happens if I take Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir with food?
Taking Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir with food will increase the amount of medication that is absorbed through your gut. The higher levels of medication in your body isn’t needed to fight the HIV virus, and can make the side effects worse.
Why is Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir taken at night?
Efavirenz, Emtricitabine and Tenofovir doesn’t have to be taken at night to work against the virus. The drug makers recommend taking it at bedtime, because then you can sleep through some of the side effects like dizziness and headache.
Resources
- https://www.goodrx.com/atripla/what-is#faqs
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/efavirenz-emtricitabine-and-tenofovir-oral-route/description/drg-20068963
- https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a616048.html
- https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/medications/efavirenzemtricitabinetenofovir-oral
- https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-144754/efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate-oral/details
