Xeljanz (Tofacitinib)

Description

Indications

Tofacitinib is an Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor medication that is prescribed either as a monotherapy or in combination with other drugs, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients who are either intolerant to or have not responded adequately to one or more tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor medications.

Tofacitinib is also used for the management of psoriatic arthritis in adults, ulcerative colitis in adults, and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children aged two years or older, who are unable to take or have not responded to one or more TNF inhibitor medications. The mechanism of action of tofacitinib involves reducing the activity of the immune system.

Uses and Dosage

Tofacitinib is available in three forms: tablet, extended-release tablet, and oral solution. The tablet is typically taken twice daily with or without food, while the extended-release tablet is taken once daily with or without food for the management of ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or psoriatic arthritis.

For the treatment of polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the tablet or oral solution is taken twice daily with or without food.

Take tofacitinib at the same time every day and follow the prescription label instructions carefully. Refrain from taking more or less of the medication or taking it more frequently than directed by the doctor.

If you are taking extended-release tablets, swallow them whole and do not chew, crush, or split them.

Always use the oral dosing syringe that accompanies the tofacitinib solution to measure the appropriate dose and consult your physician or pharmacist if you have any doubts about measuring your dose.

Inform your doctor if you experience any severe side effects, as they may need to adjust or discontinue your dose. During treatment, be sure to communicate how you are feeling to your physician.

Side Effects

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention:

• diarrhea
• headache
• stuffy or runny nose

Inform your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any serious side effects:

• hives, swelling of face, eyes, lips, or throat
• difficulty swallowing or breathing
• stomach pain, especially if it comes along with fever and diarrhea or constipation
• yellowing of the skin or eyes
• loss of appetite
• dark urine
• clay-colored bowel movements
• vomiting
• rash
• pale skin
• shortness of breath

Caution

Prior to taking tofacitinib, inform your healthcare provider of any allergies you may have, including allergies to this medication or to any inactive ingredients that may be present. Your pharmacist can provide you with further information regarding inactive ingredients and their potential to cause allergic reactions or other complications.

Before starting treatment with tofacitinib, be sure to disclose your medical history to your healthcare provider. This includes any prior or current health conditions, such as blood clots, blood or bone marrow disorders, cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, lung disease, past or current infections, smoking history, gastrointestinal disorders, or a history of stroke.

Tofacitinib may increase your risk of developing infections or exacerbating current infections. Avoid contact with individuals who have an easily spreadable infection, such as chickenpox, COVID-19, measles, or the flu. If you have been exposed to an infection, or have any concerns, consult with your healthcare provider.

Be sure to inform your healthcare provider if you plan to receive any immunizations or vaccinations while taking tofacitinib. Avoid contact with individuals who have recently received a live vaccine, such as the flu vaccine administered via nasal spray.

If you are using the liquid formulation of tofacitinib, be aware it may contain sugar and/or aspartame, and alcohol. If you have diabetes, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit or avoid these substances in your diet, speak with your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.

Older adults may have a higher risk of developing infections while using tofacitinib.

If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, discuss the risks and benefits of taking tofacitinib with your healthcare provider.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. It is not recommended to breastfeed while using this drug and for at least 18 hours after the last dose.

Form and Strength

Xeljanz is available in the following forms and strengths:

• tofacitinib tablet:
  • 5mg

FAQ

What does Xeljanz do to the body?

It works by blocking the action of Janus kinase enzymes, which are involved in the inflammation that causes the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

Is Xeljanz an immunosuppressant?

Immunosuppressant drugs lower your body’s ability to fight infections. Xeljanz and is an immunosuppressant drug.

Resources

1. https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/treatments/drugs/tofacitinib/#:~:text=Tofacitinib%2C%20also%20known%20as%20Xeljanz,rheumatoid%20arthritis%20and%20psoriatic%20arthritis
2. https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/xeljanz#side-effects
3. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/tofacitinib-oral-route/description/drg-20075863
4. https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-162865/xeljanz-oral/details
5. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a613025.html
6. https://www.drugs.com/xeljanz.html